Trophoblast cells are essential for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. In rodents, trophoblast giant cells are located at the maternal-embryonic interface and represent one of the major endocrine cell types ...

Retinoids refer to natural and synthetic derivatives of vitamin A, which play multiple roles in embryogenesis, development, vision, homeostasis as well as proliferation and apoptosis. In the current study, a panel of 13 ...

There are sex differences in the sensory experience of pain. For example, the incidence of chronic pain syndromes is higher in women than in men. Studies of gonadal steroid modulation of pain have, to date, focused on ...

Cranial sutures represent growth centers that permit calvarial bone growth during embryonic and postnatal life. This bone growth is accomplished through a series of tissue interactions involving the brain, suture mesenchyme, ...

We know little about what play materials preschool-aged children prefer to play with and what factors lead them to prefer particular toys. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential relationship between ...

The ability to swallow is particularly affected in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and the ability to swallow safely continues to decline as the disease progresses. Evaluation of the swallowing ...

Activation of the G-protein Rho has been implicated in signaling pathways that can induce neuronal apoptosis in the central nervous system (CNS). One of the most potent activators of Rho is the protease thrombin that ...

Multiple drug resistance (Mdr) transporters are ABC transporters that efflux amphipathic cations out of cells, and thus protect them from xenobiotics, as well as cause resistance of some tumor cells to cancer chemotherapeutic ...

Sjögren’s Syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disorder involving the salivary glands and lacrimal glands. Salivary glandinvolvement may be detected by noninvasive imaging studies such as Ultrasound. Ultrasound is less expensive ...

Mounting evidence demonstrates that sleep plays an important role in learning a new motor skill. However, receiving explicit knowledge of the skill prior to learning may influence the beneficial role of sleep in the ...