Self reported health promotion behaviors of individuals with psychiatric disabilities in a weight loss intervention

Abstract

Introduction: Research shows that individuals with psychiatric disabilities, particularly those with schizophrenia, die on average 25 years earlier than the general population (Marder et al., 2004). Excess mortality is due primarily to cardiovascular disease but also from other comorbid conditions exacerbated by obesity. Limited income in combination with poor diet, lack of exercise, and psychiatric medications often contribute to obesity in individuals with psychiatric disabilities. Purpose: this study examines if individuals in a weight loss program report an increase in healthy eating and physical activity over time compared to those in a control group. Methods: scores from two subscales of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLPII) were administered at baseline, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months to individuals who were randomly assigned to a Psychiatric Rehabilitation Approach to Weight Loss program or a control group. Scores were analyzed using a repeated measure ANOVA. Findings: change in self-report of nutrition between the control and intervention groups did not significantly change over the course of the study. However, change in self-report of physical activity between the intervention and the control group was significant, with significant changes between baseline and three months, baseline and six months, but not between baseline and twelve months. Discussion: Participants in the Psychiatric Rehabilitation Approach to Weight Loss program reported increased physical activity, but reported no changes in nutrition compared to the control group. Further study is needed to determine if self-report of increased physical activity is confirmed with actual increase in activity.